“It’s just a test.”
That’s what many doctors say when talking to men about prostate cancer screening. But for a lot of men, it’s not that simple. It’s a topic that’s often avoided, delayed, or misunderstood—until it’s too late.
Prostate cancer is the second most common solid cancer found in men in the U.S. It’s also the second most common solid cancer death in men, yet early detection can make all the difference. In this blog, we’ll break down what prostate cancer screening really involves, the different types of tests available, and when men should start thinking seriously about their prostate health—because knowing when to take action could save your life.
When should you start screening for prostate cancer?
If you’re a man between the ages of 45 and 50, your doctor may begin prostate cancer screening and offer a baseline prostate-specific antigen test or PSA. This simple blood test measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland, in a man’s blood.
Higher-than-normal PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, but they can also be caused by an enlarged prostate, inflammation or infection of the prostate or even certain medical procedures.
“For men with newly elevated PSA, a physician might suggest repeating the blood test regularly to monitor levels or recommend additional tests like a digital rectal exam (DRE), MRI, or biopsy,” said Dr. John Terrell, a urologist at Baptist Health.
Men who are at higher risk of prostate cancer, including African Americans or those with a family history of prostate cancer may begin screening earlier. It’s important for men with risk factors to discuss their screening options with their provider.
By age 50, men should undergo prostate cancer screening every two to four years.
What if it is cancer?
Not all prostate cancers are dangerous. Some grow so slowly that they’ll never cause symptoms or become life-threatening.
If you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, the most important first step is to take time to gather information and make thoughtful decisions.
“Treatments can have side effects,” Dr. Terrell said. “Surgery or radiation may not be needed for slow-growing cancers, so it’s important to talk to your doctor about the pros and cons to determine what’s best for you and your quality of life.”
Depending on these factors, options may include active surveillance, surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, or a combination of treatments.
It’s important to lean on a support system—whether that’s family, friends, or a local cancer support group—because no one should face a cancer diagnosis alone.
How da Vinci 5 enhances precision in robotic-assisted prostatectomy
Robotic-assisted prostatectomy, most commonly performed by Baptist Health urologists using the da Vinci 5 Surgical System, has transformed prostate cancer treatment.
Compared to traditional open surgery, this minimally invasive approach offers greater precision, faster recovery, and reduced risk of side effects. The da Vinci 5 system gives surgeons a 3D high-definition view and improved dexterity, allowing for controlled, delicate movements that enhance accuracy when removing the prostate and surrounding tissues.
“This precision is especially important when it comes to sphincter preservation and nerve-sparing, as preserving the tiny nerves around the prostate can significantly impact a man’s ability to regain urinary control and sexual function after surgery,” Dr. Terrell said.
Common side effects—such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction—can often be managed through pelvic floor therapy, medications, devices, or additional restorative procedures. In the end, the key advantage of robotic surgery lies in its ability to target cancer while minimizing damage to the structures that affect quality of life.
How to Make a Smart Decision
It all comes down to personalized care. That means having a thoughtful conversation with your doctor about:
- Your age and risk level (e.g., family history, race, overall health)
- What the test can and can’t tell you
- Whether watchful waiting or active monitoring might be a better choice
- Your values and how you feel about risk, side effects, and peace of mind
Prostate cancer screening isn’t one-size-fits-all. A PSA test can offer peace of mind—or raise questions that take time to sort out.
But the most important step is the first one: having an open conversation with your doctor about what’s right for you.
To find a primary care provider near you, visit Baptist-Health.com/find-care