Measles, also known as rubeola, is a highly contagious viral disease that has been a significant public health concern for centuries. Despite being preventable through vaccination, measles outbreaks continue to occur including recently in Arkansas.
What Is Measles?
Measles is very contagious and primarily affects children but can occur at any age. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. You can get measles just by being in a room where a person with measles has been. This can happen even up to two hours after that person has left.
The virus is so contagious that an exposed individual who is not immune has up to a 90% chance of contracting the virus.
There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Medical care is supportive to help relieve symptoms and address related complications.
What Are The Symptoms?
Measles is characterized by a range of symptoms that typically appear 7 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. The initial symptoms include:
- A high fever that can reach up to 104°F.
- A persistent, dry cough.
- Nasal congestion and discharge.
- Red, watery eyes.
- Small white spots inside the mouth, a distinctive sign of measles.
Following these initial symptoms, a red, blotchy rash appears, usually starting on the face and neck before spreading to the rest of the body. The rash typically lasts about a week.
Are There Other Potential Complications?
While measles is often mild in healthy individuals, it can lead to serious complications, especially in young children, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Possible complications include:
- Ear infections: Can result in permanent hearing loss.
- Diarrhea: A common complication that can lead to dehydration.
- Pneumonia: The most common cause of death from measles in young children.
- Encephalitis: A rare but serious brain inflammation that can cause permanent brain damage.
What Is The Best Prevention Method?
The most effective way to prevent measles is through vaccination. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect against measles. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all children receive two doses of the MMR vaccine.
Vaccination not only protects the individual but also contributes to community immunity, reducing the spread of the virus.
For help getting vaccinated at one of Baptist Health’s primary care clinics, visit Baptist-Health.com/Find-Care or call 1-888-BAPTIST.